New report reveals series of crude oil shipments from Turkey to Israel

A new report by the Progressive International and Stop Fuelling Genocide campaign unveiled 10 crude oil shipments from Turkey to Israel made in the past year, with eight of them breaching the former's own trade embargo on the latter.

Friday December 20 2024 12:00 pm

Palestinian houses in Beit Lahiya, in the northern Gaza Strip, after the ongoing Israeli military operation. Dec. 18, 2024. (Reuters)

Duvar English

The second report prepared by the Progressive International and Stop Fuelling Genocide campaign has documented 10 crude oil shipments made from Turkey to Israel in the past year despite the former's trade embargo on the latter.

In May, Turkey announced cutting all imports and exports with Israel due to the “worsening tragedy” in Gaza. However, Ankara has faced public criticism that trade may be continuing with Israel given a spike in exports to the Palestinian territories since the ban in May.

A previous report from the Stop Fuelling Genocide campaign revealed that Turkey breached its own trade embargo by shipping crude oil directly from Ceyhan Port located in the southern Adana province to Ashkelon, Israel, in late October.

The second report unveiled a series of crude oil shipments made from Turkey to Israel, exposing the Turkish government’s violation of its own economic trade suspension on Israel, which it had announced on May 2, 2024.

The campaign has identified ten journeys made in the past year by another crude oil tanker between the Turkish port of Ceyhan and the EAPC Terminal in Ashkelon, Israel. Eight of the ten journeys tracked were made after Turkey’s trade blockade on Israel was announced.

Accordingly, the crude oil tanker “Kimolos” has largely been trading between Turkey and Israel while turning off its location transponder (AIS) in the middle of the East Mediterranean for several days to mask this, similar to other vessels trading with Israel. Researchers identified it docking in Israel using satellite imagery ten times.

The two ships identified by the Stop Fuelling Genocide campaign are Suezmax size vessels. Ships of this size are chartered specifically for the transfer of high volumes of crude oil.

The report indicated that these findings revealed a routine and well-established trade route that facilitates the transportation of Azeri crude oil from the BP-owned BTC pipeline to Israel.

Researchers with the Stop Fuelling Genocide campaign replicated a similar methodology previously used to identify a singular journey made by the crude oil tanker “Seavigour” from Haydar Terminal in Ceyhan port, Turkey, to the EAPC Terminal in Ashkelon, Israel.

Researchers calculated, using official state export records, that Azerbaijan has exported an average 1.3 million tonnes of crude oil to Israel per month since October 2023. From this, the report said it could be "easily deduced" that more than one shipment of crude oil was made from the endpoint of the BP-owned BTC pipeline in Turkey to Israel.

1.3 million tonnes of crude oil could be refined to fuel around 100 F-35 fighter jets - the military planes used by Israel to target Palestinians in Gaza.

Suezmax-sized vessels, like Seavigour, can transport approximately 150,000m3. This equates to 140,000 metric tonnes. An export of 1.3 million tonnes of crude oil to Israel would therefore require multiple trips by large tankers capable of transferring high volumes of oil routinely, the report indicated.

The crude oil tanker “Kimolos” was identified as a Suezmax vessel which has regularly docked near the Haydar Aliyev Terminal in Ceyhan Port.

Kimolos tanker’s regular position near the Gulf of İskenderun where the Haydar Aliyev Terminal in the port of Ceyhan, Turkey is located.

Kimolos also follows the same pattern of ships like Seavigour turning off their location transponder (AIS) in the middle of the East Mediterranean for several days. Below photos show Kimolos tracking signal turned off in the East Mediterranean Sea on two recent occasions within the past month, indicating a regularly repeated practice.

MarineTraffic screenshot of Kimolos heading south. Information in white box shows the date “30 Nov 2024” as the tanker’s AIS transponder was turned off/last recorded.

MarineTraffic screenshot showing Kimolos’ AIS transponder being registered again on “04 Dec 2024” - for the first time since Nov. 30, 2024. The tanker is shown heading back towards Turkish waters.

MarineTraffic screenshot of Seavigour as a point of comparison. The image clearly shows the AIS transponder being turned off near Cyprus, as with Kimolos.

Port call logs for the Kimolos reveal that on a typical covert trip to Israel, the tanker takes on a full load of oil in Adana's Ceyhan, indicating that it is next heading for Port Said, Egypt. However, there is no subsequent port call in Egypt and no AIS data corresponding to this information. Instead, the Kimolos turns off its AIS in the Eastern Mediterranean and “disappears” for several days. It then reappears in a similar position several days later, and returns to Ceyhan, showing up at the BTC Terminal now magically empty with no port calls in between.

Port log calls for Kimolos taken from Seaweb S&P. Rows recording the tanker at Ceyhan are highlighted in red. Most entries show an increase in draught. This indicates that crude oil has been loaded onto the ship. There are no corresponding recorded port calls where the draught decreases, indicating that the loaded oil has been discharged.

Though marine shipping data excludes information about the tanker stopping at Ashkelon, researchers used satellite images to detect the tanker at the EAPC terminal, Ashkelon, Israel on ten occasions in a period spanning from December 2023 to December 2024.

MarineTraffic details of Kimolos. The tanker is reported to have a length of 266m and a width of 48m. Public photo images of the tanker reveal it to have a white/ light grey deck color.

(Three example landviewer screenshots dated 24 May 2024. Satellite images show a Tanker with a white deck and an estimated length of 266m and width of 48m. Researchers aligned the dates from the Port call logs to estimate when the tanker may have reached Israel and searched for these dates on Landviewer.)

Zoomed out Sentinel-2 LSA image. Date on right hand side is 24 May 2024.

Length approximately measured to be 266.10m

Width approximately measured to be 48.87m

Images below show the collection of ten satellite images of Kimolos matches identified from data available on Landviewer. All images were verified as a match through the method shown above. Each image shows the tanker near one of the two SPM berths used for crude oil offloading at the EAPC Terminal.

[repeated from previous research] Screenshot from the website of European Asia Pipeline Company Ltd (EAPC) who operate the Ashkelon Oil Port. Their website details that they have “Two SPM berths, no.3 and no.4, for crude oil”. SPM stands for Single Point Mooring. SPMs are designed as floating buoy anchored offshore for oil to be discharged or loaded

[repeated from previous research] second screenshot from EAPC handbook. The diagram on the right page shows the location of the offshore SPM berths. The position of the tanker captured at 6f is in close proximity to berth 4.

The report stated that researchers "have reasonably concluded" from this evidence that the Kimolos tanker has routinely shipped Azeri crude oil from Turkey to Israel throughout the past year. Eight of these ten journeys tracked were made after Turkey’s trade blockade on Israel was announced.

The findings contradict with what Turkey's Energy Ministry said in November that “Companies transporting oil through the BTC pipeline for export to global markets from Haydar Aliyev Terminal have respected Turkey’s recent decision not to engage in trade with Israel... No deliveries with Israel as the delivery destination have taken place.”

Energy Embargo for Palestine earlier this year published a report that showed how oil from the BTC pipeline is refined and used by the Israeli military to the fuel fighter jets, tanks and military vehicles carrying out the genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. SOMO’s “Fuelling the Flames in Gaza” report also details how this crude oil from Azerbaijan is refined in Israel into jet fuel, used by F-35 fighter jets and drones.

This month, nine people were temporarily arrested in Turkey for protesting President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan over reported ongoing trade relations with Israel.